Glossary
Words and Phrases | Definition | In the text | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | inhabitant (n) | a person that lives in a particular place | New Zealand is a small country of four million inhabitants. |
| 2 | long-haul (adj) | travelling a long distance, especially by air | The visitors arrived after a long-haul flight. |
| 3 | campaign (n) | a series of thing such as television advertisements or posters that try to persuade people to do sth e.g. buy a new product | Tourism New Zealand launched a campaign to communicate a new brand position to the world. |
| 4 | exhilarating (adj) | making you feel excited and full of energy | New Zealand’s scenic beauty, exhilarating outdoor activities and authentic Maori culture. |
| 5 | on a regular basis (adv) | regularly | participating businesses were able to update the details they gave on a regular basis. |
| 6 | evaluation (n) | the process of judging something’s quality, importance, or value | the website underwent an independent evaluation. |
| 7 | blockbuster (n) | a book or film that is very successful | blockbuster films which had made use of New Zealand’s stunning scenery. |
| 8 | itinerary | a detailed plan or route of a journey | travellers devise their own customised itineraries. |
| 9 | indicate | show | according to the season and indicating distances and times. |
| 10 | inclusion | the act of including someone or something as part of a group, list etc. | anyone could submit a blog of their New Zealand travels for possible inclusion on the website. |
| 11 | set up | establish | The website was set up |
| 12 | undertake | to do something ,esp. something that will take a long time or be difficult | The more activities that visitors undertake, the more satisfied they will be |
| 13 | appear | seem | it appears that visitors to New Zealand don’t want to be ‘one of the crowd’ |
| 14 | be composed of | to be formed from different things | New Zealand is a small country with a visitor economy composed mainly of small businesses |
| 15 | infrastructure | the basic systems and services e.g. transport and power supplies that a country or organization uses in order to work effectively | a safe English-speaking country with a reliable transport infrastructure. |
| 16 | underlying | real but not immediately obvious | the underlying lessons apply anywhere |
Exercise 1: Circle the correct answer
- Learning to windsurf is tiring but exhilarating/exhausting.
- Water is composed/created of hydrogen and oxygen.
- A detailed itinerary/blockbuster was handed to each member of the tour.
- After careful inclusion/evaluation, the judge eventually reached a verdict.
- We are unable to find the undertaking/underlying cause of such a plunge in sales.
- Muscles are comprised/compound of two different kinds of protein.
- We set off/up at 5 and arrived at the location at 10.
Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences.
- The Lord of The Rings is a very successful movie.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
- The man seems to know nothing about the incident.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
- Muscles consist of two kinds of protein.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
- They have established a new conservation zone in this region.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
- Those who exercise regularly may be less likely to suffer from stress.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
- We have been carrying out a very challenging task
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Exercise 3:
Fill in each blank with an appropriate word. There are TWO extra words that you do not need to use. You may want to change the word form if necessary.
undertake – indicate – infrastructure – underlying – campaign – regular – composed – long-haul –inhabitant – itinerary
1. Those goods are checked on a………………………….basis.
2. Activists have launched a lot of………………………… against anti-LGBT acts.
3. Monowi is the most remote town in the world – its mayor is also the only of…………… the town!
4. Returning from a………………………… flight, they decided to have a short nap.
5. Stress is the………………………… cause of many health problems.
6. The research has………………………… that drinking juice does not help you lose weight.
7. More money should be invested in education, health care and ………………………….
8. A short excursion in the safari is included in the ………………………….
Collocations for Speaking and Writing
| campaign | launch a campaign, an intensive campaign, a fund-raising campaign |
| on a … basis | on a regular basis, on a daily basis, on a permanent basis, on a temporary basis |
| undertake | undertake a task, undertake a project, undertake research, undertake a challenge |
| underlying | underlying cause, underlying reason, underlying principle, underlying problem, underlying message |
Exercise 4:
Fill in each blank with one word. You may refer to the Table above.
• The authority has (1)…………………………. (2)………………………….campaign to build a retirement home for the elderly in the village.
• Teachers here are employed on a (3)…………………………. , or part-time, basis.
• Although usually conceived as a ballad about unrequited love, the song has an underlying antiwar (4)…………………………. .
• In 1746, Samuel Johnson (5)…………………………. a daunting challenge of writing the first English dictionary.
